Comprehensive utilization of rural domestic waste
The comprehensive utilization of rural household garbage has a wide range of land resources in the countryside. Unlike urban cities that have specialized waste treatment plants, rural household garbage is basically in an arbitrary discharge stage. Alongside streets, farm fields, and ponds, there is basically a shadow of domestic garbage everywhere. . To deal with the ecological and social environment in rural areas, the focus is on regulating and rationally disposing of these household wastes.
Rural domestic waste is mainly composed of the following substances: human and animal excreta, dead animals and plants, coal cinders, paper scraps, wood, fiber, metal, glass, ceramics, etc., as well as some old home appliances, kitchen utensils, and dry batteries. For a variety of garbage, it should be categorized. Can not be treated in a general way, such as human and animal excreta, dead animals and plants, paper, wood, fiber and other organic matter can be handled by comprehensive fermentation, and other can take other measures to deal with. This article does not deal with the handling of inorganic substances (glass, ceramics, household appliances), but mainly discusses the use of fermentation to treat organics and become a good fertilizer.
To achieve this, it is not difficult, only need to site and fermentation agent can be, fermentation agent that Kinpo-1 fertilizer starter, the venue can be adapted to local conditions. The method of operation is as follows:
Jinbao-type fermentation aids can play a role in fermentation, relying on the functional bacteria. These babies are suitable for living in a "carbon-nitrogen ratio" (C/N ratio) of 20 to 30:1. At this time, the nutritional structure is optimal. We must try our best to meet this proportion in the material ratio. Too low a carbon-nitrogen ratio can lead to "malnutrition." If the fermentation material is pure livestock manure, under normal circumstances, carbon nitrogen ratio is generally less than 20, it should be added to the appropriate amount of straw, sawdust and other high carbon and nitrogen materials. However, in fact, farms often consciously or unconsciously add some sawdust in the litter, or some fiber materials are mixed in the feed. “Chicken manure†is not pure chicken manure, resulting in a carbon to nitrogen ratio of almost 30:1. The value is counted as "beating." Therefore, under other conditions, such as the water content is basically appropriate, chicken feces containing a certain amount of impurities do not need to add other auxiliary materials to normal fermentation.
Straw and other strips of material should generally be chopped or crushed, mix and mix evenly. If finished fertilizers are to be sold externally, they should consider the “seeing phase†of the products, and the straw should be crushed; if the product is for personal use, the material fineness requirements May be looser. If the fermentation material is bark, sawdust, peanut skin, rice husk and other high crude fiber content, it should be added to the urea water, chicken manure, fecal water and other "nitrogen source" to adjust the "nutritional structure" (shown as " Carbon-nitrogen ratio") is within a reasonable range. More accurate "carbon-nitrogen ratio" calculation method can refer to the company's special information "carbon-nitrogen ratio calculation method."
I. Dilution method Dilution of gold baby fermentation auxiliaries is generally preferred to use better quality rice bran (ratio 1: about 3-5). Rice bran has good nutrition and ventilation, and in the case of no rice bran, corn flour, wheat bran and other fine powder can be used. For material substitution, the mixture of fungicide and rice bran can be sprayed with a small amount of water and then wetted (but the water can not be too much, otherwise, it will “consist†and it will not be conducive to spreading), and then evenly spread into the material pile. Chicken feces, pig manure and other fresh feces fermentation, because the feces themselves have good nutrition, diluted material requirements are not high. For the sawdust bark and other high crude fiber content, more difficult to ferment the material, or the time of the old chicken manure pig manure, can be diluted with more rice bran (according to 1:10), improve the strain fermentation "start nutrition" approach Promotes faster and better fermentation.
Second, moisture control The moisture of the fermentation material should be maintained at 60 ~ 65%, so that normal breeding of functional bacteria. A simple way to judge is: grab a handful of material by hand, and see that the water is not dripping on the finger-tap is a generally appropriate standard. If you do not see the watermark, it is too dry. If you drip down, it is too wet. Too much or too little moisture is not conducive to fermentation: too little water, slow fermentation of microorganisms, just as people in the "dehydration" state can not work as normal. Too much moisture rises slowly, and poor ventilation creates a local anaerobic environment, prompting another very unfavorable microorganism - spoilage strains are unsolicited, spoilage bacteria become troubled, and the most obvious sign is odor production. .
When fermenting, users should pay attention to the way of water regulation. 1, add water. It is necessary to grasp the principles of a few more and more gradually added. If conditions permit, hot water should be added so that it starts quickly. Note that it is best to burn the water directly to 30-40°C instead of boiling the water to 100°C and then cool to 30-40°C (the beneficial microorganisms in the water have been killed). 2, reduce water. If, due to various reasons, excessive moisture is generated in the material, affecting the speed of fermentation and increasing the temperature, measures should be taken to reduce the moisture. Methods are spread out to dry, add straw powder, dry earth, sawdust, glutinous rice and so on to the material.
Third, pay attention to the function of the ventilation of the golden treasure a type of fermentation auxiliaries in the microbial strain is a good (consumption) oxygen-type microorganisms, must participate in the fermentation of oxygen. This requires the material to be breathable and to prevent microorganisms from failing due to lack of oxygen. Here are some common methods of ventilation:
1. Turn over. Large-scale fertilizer factories can be turned over using a tipping machine, and farmers have no machinery at home and can only be turned over by hand. When tipping over, it should be as detailed as possible to achieve ventilation and ventilation.
2, punch. This method can save labor, operation is relatively simple, suitable for less labor users. It is practicable to drill holes in the material heap with a pointed stick of about 10 cm. The number should be as large as possible.
3, cover. Covering material fermentation should use straw, sacks and other ventilation materials. If covered with plastic sheeting, it should be padded with bricks and wooden sticks, 10-20 cm from the surface of the material. And should leave a proper gap to facilitate the entry of oxygen.
4, blower. The bottom layer of the material can be placed in a perforated pipe and blown with a blower to speed up oxygen supply.
Fourth, regulate pH.
Any microorganism has a pH suitable for its own growth, and the functional microorganisms in the Kinpo-1 fermentation aid are suitable for an environment with a pH of 6-8. Normal materials generally do not need to adjust the fermentation, the material can be adjusted with lime and lime, excessive alkali can be added acetic acid and other adjustments. Especially when the pH value is 10 or more or 5 or less, it must be adjusted.
Fifth, rhythm control use Kinpo baby fermentation auxiliaries fermentation materials, the fermentation rhythm can be controlled within a certain range, to speed up the fermentation, can be used separately or in combination: increase the starting temperature, improve nutrition structure, improve ventilation, increase the number of turnover (less than 30 degrees down) and other measures. It is also possible to add a suitable amount of already fermented material to it, which can achieve the purpose of “feeding material, using new material, and promoting fermentationâ€. To slow or stop the fermentation, the opposite can be used.
Chicken manure, pig dung, and other animal manures fermented faster. They usually experienced a week or so, and they fell over once or twice in the middle. After that, the temperature gradually dropped to 40 or below, and the fermentation had already progressed to 78%. The color becomes darker or has been black, dark brown, without any original odor or with a slight ammonia smell, aroma, or earthy taste. At this time, the temperature of the material pile can be spread out to begin the next process. For example, after more than ten days, the temperature has been above 60 degrees, and the suspension of fermentation should be considered because over-fermentation is not good and it is easy to consume effective nutrients that have already formed. Artificial cooling measures can be used to enter the next process, such as quickly diluting the material heap to 10 -20 cm, then dry and dry or dry, granulation, packaging and so on. Do not worry too much about secondary fermentation, because the secondary fermentation is limited by the material volume, thickness, ambient temperature, moisture content, ventilation and other factors.
Rural domestic waste is mainly composed of the following substances: human and animal excreta, dead animals and plants, coal cinders, paper scraps, wood, fiber, metal, glass, ceramics, etc., as well as some old home appliances, kitchen utensils, and dry batteries. For a variety of garbage, it should be categorized. Can not be treated in a general way, such as human and animal excreta, dead animals and plants, paper, wood, fiber and other organic matter can be handled by comprehensive fermentation, and other can take other measures to deal with. This article does not deal with the handling of inorganic substances (glass, ceramics, household appliances), but mainly discusses the use of fermentation to treat organics and become a good fertilizer.
To achieve this, it is not difficult, only need to site and fermentation agent can be, fermentation agent that Kinpo-1 fertilizer starter, the venue can be adapted to local conditions. The method of operation is as follows:
Jinbao-type fermentation aids can play a role in fermentation, relying on the functional bacteria. These babies are suitable for living in a "carbon-nitrogen ratio" (C/N ratio) of 20 to 30:1. At this time, the nutritional structure is optimal. We must try our best to meet this proportion in the material ratio. Too low a carbon-nitrogen ratio can lead to "malnutrition." If the fermentation material is pure livestock manure, under normal circumstances, carbon nitrogen ratio is generally less than 20, it should be added to the appropriate amount of straw, sawdust and other high carbon and nitrogen materials. However, in fact, farms often consciously or unconsciously add some sawdust in the litter, or some fiber materials are mixed in the feed. “Chicken manure†is not pure chicken manure, resulting in a carbon to nitrogen ratio of almost 30:1. The value is counted as "beating." Therefore, under other conditions, such as the water content is basically appropriate, chicken feces containing a certain amount of impurities do not need to add other auxiliary materials to normal fermentation.
Straw and other strips of material should generally be chopped or crushed, mix and mix evenly. If finished fertilizers are to be sold externally, they should consider the “seeing phase†of the products, and the straw should be crushed; if the product is for personal use, the material fineness requirements May be looser. If the fermentation material is bark, sawdust, peanut skin, rice husk and other high crude fiber content, it should be added to the urea water, chicken manure, fecal water and other "nitrogen source" to adjust the "nutritional structure" (shown as " Carbon-nitrogen ratio") is within a reasonable range. More accurate "carbon-nitrogen ratio" calculation method can refer to the company's special information "carbon-nitrogen ratio calculation method."
I. Dilution method Dilution of gold baby fermentation auxiliaries is generally preferred to use better quality rice bran (ratio 1: about 3-5). Rice bran has good nutrition and ventilation, and in the case of no rice bran, corn flour, wheat bran and other fine powder can be used. For material substitution, the mixture of fungicide and rice bran can be sprayed with a small amount of water and then wetted (but the water can not be too much, otherwise, it will “consist†and it will not be conducive to spreading), and then evenly spread into the material pile. Chicken feces, pig manure and other fresh feces fermentation, because the feces themselves have good nutrition, diluted material requirements are not high. For the sawdust bark and other high crude fiber content, more difficult to ferment the material, or the time of the old chicken manure pig manure, can be diluted with more rice bran (according to 1:10), improve the strain fermentation "start nutrition" approach Promotes faster and better fermentation.
Second, moisture control The moisture of the fermentation material should be maintained at 60 ~ 65%, so that normal breeding of functional bacteria. A simple way to judge is: grab a handful of material by hand, and see that the water is not dripping on the finger-tap is a generally appropriate standard. If you do not see the watermark, it is too dry. If you drip down, it is too wet. Too much or too little moisture is not conducive to fermentation: too little water, slow fermentation of microorganisms, just as people in the "dehydration" state can not work as normal. Too much moisture rises slowly, and poor ventilation creates a local anaerobic environment, prompting another very unfavorable microorganism - spoilage strains are unsolicited, spoilage bacteria become troubled, and the most obvious sign is odor production. .
When fermenting, users should pay attention to the way of water regulation. 1, add water. It is necessary to grasp the principles of a few more and more gradually added. If conditions permit, hot water should be added so that it starts quickly. Note that it is best to burn the water directly to 30-40°C instead of boiling the water to 100°C and then cool to 30-40°C (the beneficial microorganisms in the water have been killed). 2, reduce water. If, due to various reasons, excessive moisture is generated in the material, affecting the speed of fermentation and increasing the temperature, measures should be taken to reduce the moisture. Methods are spread out to dry, add straw powder, dry earth, sawdust, glutinous rice and so on to the material.
Third, pay attention to the function of the ventilation of the golden treasure a type of fermentation auxiliaries in the microbial strain is a good (consumption) oxygen-type microorganisms, must participate in the fermentation of oxygen. This requires the material to be breathable and to prevent microorganisms from failing due to lack of oxygen. Here are some common methods of ventilation:
1. Turn over. Large-scale fertilizer factories can be turned over using a tipping machine, and farmers have no machinery at home and can only be turned over by hand. When tipping over, it should be as detailed as possible to achieve ventilation and ventilation.
2, punch. This method can save labor, operation is relatively simple, suitable for less labor users. It is practicable to drill holes in the material heap with a pointed stick of about 10 cm. The number should be as large as possible.
3, cover. Covering material fermentation should use straw, sacks and other ventilation materials. If covered with plastic sheeting, it should be padded with bricks and wooden sticks, 10-20 cm from the surface of the material. And should leave a proper gap to facilitate the entry of oxygen.
4, blower. The bottom layer of the material can be placed in a perforated pipe and blown with a blower to speed up oxygen supply.
Fourth, regulate pH.
Any microorganism has a pH suitable for its own growth, and the functional microorganisms in the Kinpo-1 fermentation aid are suitable for an environment with a pH of 6-8. Normal materials generally do not need to adjust the fermentation, the material can be adjusted with lime and lime, excessive alkali can be added acetic acid and other adjustments. Especially when the pH value is 10 or more or 5 or less, it must be adjusted.
Fifth, rhythm control use Kinpo baby fermentation auxiliaries fermentation materials, the fermentation rhythm can be controlled within a certain range, to speed up the fermentation, can be used separately or in combination: increase the starting temperature, improve nutrition structure, improve ventilation, increase the number of turnover (less than 30 degrees down) and other measures. It is also possible to add a suitable amount of already fermented material to it, which can achieve the purpose of “feeding material, using new material, and promoting fermentationâ€. To slow or stop the fermentation, the opposite can be used.
Chicken manure, pig dung, and other animal manures fermented faster. They usually experienced a week or so, and they fell over once or twice in the middle. After that, the temperature gradually dropped to 40 or below, and the fermentation had already progressed to 78%. The color becomes darker or has been black, dark brown, without any original odor or with a slight ammonia smell, aroma, or earthy taste. At this time, the temperature of the material pile can be spread out to begin the next process. For example, after more than ten days, the temperature has been above 60 degrees, and the suspension of fermentation should be considered because over-fermentation is not good and it is easy to consume effective nutrients that have already formed. Artificial cooling measures can be used to enter the next process, such as quickly diluting the material heap to 10 -20 cm, then dry and dry or dry, granulation, packaging and so on. Do not worry too much about secondary fermentation, because the secondary fermentation is limited by the material volume, thickness, ambient temperature, moisture content, ventilation and other factors.
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