What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?
Protein is the material basis of all life, and it is the most abundant and functional macromolecular organic substance in the cellular components. 16% to 19% of adult body weight is protein, that is, an adult male weighing 60 kg has 9.6 to 11.4 kg of protein. There are many kinds of proteins in the human body, and their properties and functions are different. However, they are composed of more than 20 kinds of amino acids (Amino acid) in different proportions, and are continuously metabolized and renewed in the body.
What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?
Amino acids are the basic unit of protein, which make up different proteins in different sequences and configurations. The quality of food protein is also determined by the amount of essential amino acids it contains. If the protein is likened to a wall, the amino acid is the brick wall. There are 20 kinds of amino acids that make up proteins. Only some of the more than 20 kinds of amino acids in human and food proteins can be synthesized in the body. They are called "non-essential amino acids". They cannot be synthesized in the body or synthesized slowly. To provide, is called "essential amino acids."
Non-essential amino acids are not required in the body, but can be synthesized in the body itself, and the lack of food does not matter. However, the lack of any essential amino acid in the diet will limit the body's protein, which will lead to abnormal physiological functions, affect the normal metabolism of the body, and finally lead to diseases (such as: skin, joint aging; decreased immunity; abnormal growth and development of children, etc. ).
The ingested protein is hydrolyzed into amino acids after being absorbed in the body to synthesize the protein required by the human body, and the new protein is continuously metabolized and decomposed, and is constantly in dynamic equilibrium. Therefore, the quality and quantity of food protein, the proportion of various amino acids, is related to the amount of protein synthesis in the human body, especially the growth and development of adolescents, the prenatal and postnatal care of pregnant women, the longevity of the elderly, and the amount of protein in the diet. close relationship.
The source of amino acids that make up proteins:
(1) In vivo synthesis. Such amino acids can be converted from other nutrients through metabolic activities.
(2) Food supply. Such amino acids are proteins in food that are decomposed into amino acids after digestion by the gastrointestinal tract, and are absorbed into the blood to participate in the synthesis of proteins in the body.
There are 8 kinds of amino acids in the amino acid because they cannot directly synthesize proteins in the body or the synthesis speed is far from the body's needs, so they must be obtained from food. Such amino acids are referred to as essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, lysine. The essential amino acids of the baby are also added with histidine.
When evaluating protein nutrition, not only depends on the amount of protein, but more importantly, the quality of the protein. In other words, whether the types of essential amino acids in food are complete, whether the quantity is sufficient, and whether the ratio between each amino acid is appropriate.
Industrial Microscope
Industrial Microscope,Inspection Binocular Microscope,Industrial Binocular Microscopes,Long Working Distance Microscopes
NINGBO VANCO INSTRUMENT CO.,LTD , https://www.vancoscope.com