Using a wheat combine to harvest soybeans
Reasonable adjustment to reduce losses 1. Control of header loss In soybean harvest, the header loss generally accounts for more than 80% of the total loss. Loss control of headers should be reduced from the three aspects of missing cuts, falling branches and fried cuts. (1) Reduce missed cuts. The current ridge pitch is generally 65 to 70 cm. Take the 3060 combine harvester as an example, the flexure header of the soybean is 2.75 meters, each of which is just 4 ridges. Therefore, the main reason for missed cutting is at cutting height. on. Cutting too low, easy to appear before the header pile; cut too high, easy to leave "horses" and cut bottom. The minimum height of soybeans is generally 6-8 cm. Therefore, if the control cutworms are within 4 to 6 centimeters, there will be no "grass lice". However, it is sometimes prone to stacking phenomenon. At this time, the bottom pallet of the header can be adjusted to reduce the pile phenomenon. (2) Reduce the cost of throwing and losing branches. Debris mainly due to improper reel speed (too low or too high) caused by the operation can be resolved as long as you pay attention to adjustments. Falling leaves are mainly caused by plants of different heights or falling down. When the stems are cut off, the bean branches are not dialed into the cutting table. Vertically falling or laterally dumping is cut by the cutting knife twice and falls under the cutting table. The solution is to adjust the reel height properly or increase the speed if the feed rate allows. (3) to reduce the loss of fried dumplings. Reducing the impact and pulling of the cutting knife on the plant to ensure that the cutting knife is sharp and the gap of the cutting knife meets the requirements; adjusting the tension of the swinging ring box transmission belt to prevent the cutting speed from falling due to belt slippage and affecting the cutting quality; reducing the reeling wheel to the bean stalk Soybean hit and scratched. The early harvest bean leg has a higher moisture content, and the reeling speed can be appropriately higher; the late bean leg is dry and prone to fry, and the reeling speed is lower. In addition, try not to let the pick teeth directly hit the beans, and install a reel on the reel. 2, reduce the loss of the body (1) control the loss of wrapped food. Avoid crops that are too moist and whose grain moisture exceeds 19% (the plant is bent continuously) because no matter how high the rotation speed, the small gap is adjusted or the air volume is increased, the problem of unclear separation and bean husk pods cannot be solved. (2) Control the loss without net loss. Soybean threshing utilizes the impact, rubbing, and squeezing of the pods by the stalks. The roller and the concave plate mainly attack the first half of bean leg, and the latter half is mainly used for kneading and squeezing. In this process, 60% to 90% of the beans are separated from the gravure grid, thus affecting the threshing quality. The factors are the rotation speed of the threshing drum, threshing gap, crop conditions and feeding conditions. Under normal circumstances, the rotation speed of the threshing drum can be 715r/min when the soybean is harvested, the speed of the separating drum can be 608r/min, the forward speed of the harvester can be set to II, and the feeding amount can be controlled by continuously variable speed. (3) Control of entrainment loss. The air volume of the fan should be adjusted as large as possible to increase the fan speed. At the same time, the aperture of the husk screen should be adjusted to the maximum, and the tail screen angle should be increased. This can reduce the entrainment loss of soybeans and increase the cleanliness of grain. Reasonable use to improve the quality of the work 1, reduce the broken rate and reduce the rate of soybean crushing mainly from the following aspects (1) timely harvest. Because soybeans undergo various processes such as plucking, cutting, conveying, threshing, cleaning, and grain release during harvesting, each process bean is subjected to kneading and impact, and the beans must have sufficient strength and hardness so as not to be broken. When the beans are too wet, they have low hardness, poor resistance to rubbing and rubbing, and are easily squashed. When the beans are too dry, they have poor toughness, low strength, and are resistant to impact. They are easily broken by high-speed blows. (2) The correct choice of threshing drum speed and clearance. Early harvest of soybean grain moisture, difficult to remove the net, should use the drum speed 715r/min, the entrance gap of 20 to 28 cm, the exit gap of 8 to 10 cm, the left and right sides of the gap should be consistent. The early, middle and late harvest periods must be adjusted according to the dry humidity of the stems. In the late harvest period, the bean pods are dry and easy to break off. The rotation speed of the threshing drum is 500r/min, the entrance gap is 28 to 35 cm, and the exit gap is 10 to 16 cm. The selection of threshing drum rotation speed should be based on the principle of de-cleaning and non-blocking. The threshing gap should be as large as possible under the precondition of ensuring that the separated bean stalk does not entrain kernels. Such adjustment can not only ensure the de-cleaning of the crop, but also reduce the crushing. rate. (3) Correctly adjust the tightness of the scraper chain such as feed chain, grain elevator, and messenger. Too loose, the chain and the teeth are easy to smash the beans. (4) The blockage of conveying parts such as the threshing roller, the reclaimer, the grain, and the miscellaneous transportation should be avoided as much as possible to reduce the breakage of the beans. 2. Reducing the “muddy face†of soybeans When harvesting soybeans, it is required to cut the earthworms very low. Occasionally, improper operation will cause the soil to enter the cutting table and cause “mud face†to the soybeans. Take note of the points when harvesting for this purpose. (1) It should be harvested in a dry state. Because the soil is moist, there is a lot of frost on the bean pods or the water content of the beans is too large, and it is easy to produce a “mud faceâ€. (2) Install a retaining plate behind the cutting knife to make it difficult for the soil block to enter the header. (3) Clean up the soil on the header, concave plate or screen surface in time. (4) Add some small holes in the bottom flap of the grain elevator (the hole diameter can not be larger than 4 mm in the empty set), so that the mud entering the body leaks from the small hole.
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