The role of micro-fertilizer on crops and precautions for use
1. What is the role of micro-fertilizers on crops?
Trace elements such as boron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, iron and copper are important components of various enzymes in crops. They play a strong role in the regulation and promotion of protein and chlorophyll. No matter which element is lacking, It will have an inhibitory effect on the normal growth and development of crops, resulting in reduced yield and reduced quality, so it should be replenished in time.
At the same time, the use of trace elements is not the greater the amount, the greater the amount, the higher the cost of fertilizer, and the poisoning of crops. The use of micro-fertilizer should be based on the nutrient surplus and the nutrient content of the soil and the nutritional characteristics of the crop. Only in this way can the production and quality be improved.
Second, what are the effects of different micro-fertilizers on crops?
1, boron
Boron is an important component of crop ribonucleic acid. It directly relates to shoot end and root development, carbohydrate transport and transformation, synthesis of sugar substances, pollen formation and pollen tube elongation. Adequate boron can enhance crop resistance. Inverse, excess will make vegetables appear in the "golden side dishes."
The crop is deficient in boron, the top growth point is inhibited or shrunk, the stem section becomes shorter, the hairy side buds are more, the leaves become thicker, thicker, wrinkled, rolled, and wilted, which may cause problems such as pollen malformation, flower/bud buds, and falling flowers and buds.
The crops that are sensitive to boron are radish, beet, canola, cotton, cabbage, broccoli, etc. Dicotyledonous crops require more boron than monocotyledonous crops. Common diseases: radish water heart disease, brown heart disease, tobacco top rot, sugar beet heart rot, potato leaf curl disease, celery sclerotium disease, apple shrinkage disease and "flowers and flowers" of rapeseed.
Usage: The dosage of borax and boric acid is generally from 1 kg to 1.5 kg, 0.1-0.3% is the common spray concentration, 0.01-0.1% is the common soaking concentration, and 0.2-0.5 g can be mixed with 1 kg.
2, zinc
Zinc is a component of enzymes in crops. It is involved in the synthesis of chlorophyll and auxin. It has an important influence on the photosynthesis function of crops and the growth and development of leaf stems. Adequate zinc nutrition can enhance the drought resistance of crops. The top of the plant and the young tissue are chlorotic.
If the crop is deficient in zinc, the plant will be short, the growth will be slow, and the internodes will become shorter. The leaves of the leaves will appear pale green, yellowish white rust, which will also affect the root growth. The symptoms of the early zinc deficiency of the crop were not obvious, but the yield reduction was very serious in the later stage.
Crops that are sensitive to zinc include apples, peaches, pears, citrus, rice, corn, kidney beans, lemons, and flax. Common diseases include: white flower seedling disease, leaf stripe disease, fruit tree lobular disease, cluster leaf disease, rice seedling, red seedling or rice squash. Tomato and pepper zinc deficiency new leaves are prone to yellow spots, and are also susceptible to viral diseases.
Usage: The most commonly used zinc sulfate is 1-2 kg per mu, 0.01%-0.04% is the common spraying concentration, 0.02%-0.05% is the common soaking concentration, and 1-3 g can be mixed with 1 kg.
3. Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a component of nitrate reductase and nitrogenase in crops. It promotes crop nodule formation, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus uptake and operation, carbohydrate formation and transformation, carbohydrate transport, and vitamin C synthesis. The irreplaceable role, sufficient molybdenum nutrition can significantly improve the cold resistance, drought resistance and disease resistance of crops, and can also significantly increase the yield of crops in the later period. Excessive molybdenum will cause molybdenum poisoning problems in crops.
The crops are deficient in molybdenum, the plants will die, the flowers are poorly developed, and there are often gray spots on the leaves. Especially the cruciferous crops lack molybdenum, which will cause problems such as less nodule development, poor development and yellowing.
The most sensitive crops for molybdenum are soybean, broccoli, cotton, carrot, canola, kale, lettuce, spinach, pea, pea, peanut, citrus, tomato, potato, etc., among which cruciferous, solanaceous crops and citrus molybdenum The sensitivity is the best. The most typical diseases are: whiptail disease of broccoli, maculopathy of citrus, etc.
Usage: The most commonly used ammonium molybdate is generally 50-150 grams per acre, 0.01%-0.1% is the common spray concentration, 0.05%-0.1% is the common soaking concentration, generally 2-5 grams of molybdenum seed dressing 1 kg of seeds.
4, manganese
Manganese is involved in the process of releasing oxygen in photosynthesis. It is also a component of the indole acetate oxidase auxiliary group. It is also an activator of various enzymes in crops. It promotes seed germination, accelerates nitrogen metabolism, regulates oxidation, and promotes photosynthesis. And protein synthesis play an important role. Adequate manganese can enhance the disease resistance of crops, accelerate plant growth and maturation, and promote the absorption of phosphorus and calcium. Excess manganese will inhibit the absorption of molybdenum and iron by crops. There are many occurrences in the soil and yellow soil fields, such as cotton leaf atrophy, tea leaf flesh net spot, apple rough skin disease, citrus chocolate disease and so on.
The lack of manganese in the crop will first appear on the new leaves. The new leaves are green and yellow and have grayish white or brown spots. The leaves are wrinkled, rolled and wilted.
The crops that are sensitive to manganese are wheat, potatoes, soybeans, onions, oats, spinach, peanuts, lettuce, cowpeas, and the like. Common diseases include gray spot of oats, maculopathy of beets, yellow disease of spinach, and swamp spot disease of legume crops.
Usage: The most commonly used manganese sulfate is generally about 1-2 kg per mu, 0.05-0.2% is the common spraying concentration of 0.05-0.1% for the common soaking concentration, generally 4-8 g of the fine seeding 1 kg.
Third, the use of trace element fertilizers
1. Excessive application of micro-fertilizer can easily cause crop poisoning. The application rate should not exceed 20% of the concentration indicated by micro-fertilizer application. Strict control concentration is too large or the dosage is too large. When using micro-fertilizer, increasing the amount of organic fertilizer used can not only make the trace elements in the micro-fertilizer available, but also reduce the poisoning caused by excessive use of micro-fertilizer.
2, micro-fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, top dressing, seed fertilizer, can also be sprayed, dip mixed seed use, if it is applied to the soil, apply up to 1 time a year, preferably again every other year, foliar spray application The effect is best, pay attention to both sides of the front and back should be evenly sprayed, do not leak.
3. Different crops have different sensitivity and dosage to trace elements. When using them, they should be applied reasonably and appropriately for the types of crops, and should not be blind.
4. The pH of the soil has a great influence on trace elements. When using trace element fertilizer, it should be applied with decomposed organic fertilizer as much as possible, or adjust the soil pH by applying appropriate amount of lime.
5. The application of trace element fertilizer together with the application of large and medium elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur can exert the maximum effect.
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