The management point of grape cultivation

First, fertilizing grapes must have enough nutrients to grow in the year so that the canopy reaches a certain size. Because the base fertilizer applied at the time of growing the grapes is applied as a base for high yield in the following years, the effect is slower. Therefore, after planting, the grapes have 5 leaves and the first time the height starts at 20 cm. In principle, topdressing fertilizer every 10-15 days, until the end of August began to mature when the vines began to mature, the principle of soil topdressing is thin chase, the initial phase of thin human urine or 0.1% of urea, The amount of each plant applied is 5-10 Kg, and the concentration and quantity will be gradually increased as the plant grows. Because phosphorus is a root-fertilizer, it can promote rooting, so in April-May, you must add phosphate fertilizer, the concentration of 0.3-0.5%, plus 2-3 times, plus June-July between potassium fertilizer, applied to the concentration 0.3-0.5% can speed up tissue maturation. The number of top dressings is at least 8-10 times a year. At the same time, the combination of pest control and foliar dressing is usually applied. The concentration of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.3%. In short, it is required that at the end of the growth period, two sturdy vines can be cultivated, and the base of the main vine has a diameter of at least 1.5 cm and a height of 1.5-2 m. Second, branch management. Pole tie: Grape is a climbing plant and must rely on poles to grow upwards. Therefore, after the grape grows up, the poles are erected in time, and the vines are continuously bound and tied, and the tendrils are removed to promote upward growth. Summer shoots management: grape seedlings in the new shoot length 4-5 cm, should choose to keep two robust new shoots, cultivated into the main vine, the other new shoots to take care of the leaves to become nutrients for the production of nutritional support, can also be direct erase. If the grape seedling has only one robust new shoot, it should be removed when it grows to 5-6 leaves, tender tips, promote the tip, and then grow into the main vine as required. When the two new shoots grown reach 30-40 cm in length, they must be tied to the poles so that they can stand upright and grow upward. When the new shoots reach a height of about 70 cm and reach the height of the first wire, they will be numbered. One-time picking, picking up the heart should be light, to promote the occurrence of secondary shoots, after picking the heart to extend the auxiliary tip length to 0.8-1 m to pick up the heart once again, to promote the occurrence of secondary axillary shoots. In summer management, two or three lateral shoots can be left on the main vines. These lateral shoots can be left untreated, allowing them to grow laterally or sagging. If the growth is strong, they can be picked in 10 leaves to promote Mature. Third, pest control grapes planting the year and pests and diseases are mainly: black pox, downy mildew, rust and copper green beetles, through the wing moth. Prevention of blackpox disease In April-June, the following pesticides were selected alternately every other week: 70% mancozeb 600-800 times; 50% extirpative 800-1000 times; 505 Fumei Double 500-1000 times; 75 % Chlorothalonil 500-600 times; 77% can kill 500-600 times; 25% metalaxyl can be used to control downy mildew 500-800 times in the September-October spray every 2 months; grape rust can be used 20% Triadimefon EC 1500-2000 times in the September-October prevention and treatment; copper green chafers in May-June when the emergence of 2.5% kung Fu Chrysanthemum 1500-2000 times to prevent and control; Streptomyces moth (ie diamond borer) before and after May 20 with the enemy Virus or diazinon and other insecticides can receive good results. In addition, we must do a good job of irrigation and weeding: mildew rain season to prevent accumulation of water, timely drainage, 7-8 days of dry rain, irrigation must be timely, and promote plant growth. In the vineyard, no vicious weeds are left in the vineyard, otherwise the utilization of fertilizer is reduced, and the soil is often kept loose.