Strawberry cultivation techniques

(a) select the appropriate species in the province is located in the tropical, subtropical, spring rain and rain, humid and widow sunshine, summer heat and hot summer, northern mountainous regions in northern China are often frost, so in the production should choose moisture resistance, disease resistance, heat resistance Varieties, in the northern mountainous areas of Guangdong should also pay attention to the selection of hardy varieties. In our province, we must also pay special attention to the type of inactivity that is short in the dormancy period and insensitive to light and temperature. From the point of view of commercial production, it is necessary to use strawberry varieties with large fruits, beautiful fruit, strong fruit flavor, bright color, good storage and high yield. (B) the choice of garden, good preparation before planting Strawberry field should choose a higher ground, the ground is flat, easy irrigation and drainage, soil fertility, organic matter content is rich, strong water retention and fertility, sheltered sunny sandy loam. Foreland crops should be prepared before planting beans, melons, vegetables, and rice in a better strawberry farmland. (1) Thorough weed removal, poisoning and killing underground pests Tigers, post stations, etc., and for soil sterilization. (2) Fertilize the whole layer in the plow and process, and the organic fertilizer should be decomposed. In general, 2000 kg to 3000 kg of soil-fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, 5 kg of potassium chloride, and 5 kg of urea should be applied per acre. It is advisable to apply roasted peanut bran (or bean cake) from 50 kg to 75 kg. These fertilizers must be thoroughly mixed with the soil. (3) Apply a small amount of lime during soil preparation and adjust the soil pH to 5.7 to 6.50. (4) Make a good start 15 days before planting. If just before the plant is well-grounded, artificial cultivation is required to plant the plant. (C) the use of strong seedlings, timely transplantation seedling selection is an important part of the success of strawberry cultivation. The criteria for strawberry seedlings are: no pests and diseases; well-developed root systems with more new roots; petiole short and thick, with a large area of ​​ten days, and generally four to five leaves; the seedling size is neat and consistent. According to the climate characteristics of Guangdong Province, planting seedlings are preferably fruit seedlings that have been differentiated (or dormant) by flower buds. The main factors determining the suitable planting period are temperature and fruit supply period. Strawberries are most suitable for planting at temperatures from 15°C to 18°C. Taking Guangzhou as an example, the planting temperature is suitable in the upper and middle of November. However, the market needs the most suitable period for fruit supply during Christmas, New Year's Day, Spring Festival, and several consecutive holidays in the Lantern Festival. In order to produce timely fruit, the plant should be planted as soon as possible when conditions are met. Late planting. (4) Proper close planting and strict mastery of the depth of transplanting The seedling type is the main cultivation form of strawberry in our province. General width 90 cm, spacing 30 cm, spacing 20 cm, acres planted 7000 ~ 800o strains. When the seedlings are abundant, 1000-2,000 strains can be appropriately increased. The key to planting strawberries is to master the planting depth. According to local experience, the depth of planting can be summed up as "deeply immersed in the depths and shallow roots." After planting strawberries, root water should be immediately irrigated, and the amount of water should be replenished every day for 4 days to 5 days after transplanting. After that, the water can be fed once every 2 days to 3 days. 7 days to 10 days after planting, the new leaf grows and has lived trees. It is required to keep the field moist. At the same time, seedlings and seedlings should be checked and loosened in time. (5) Strengthen field management and strive for prolificacy and prolificacy (1) Field management for cultivating and weeding; timely fertilization and irrigation; pay attention to ground cover and soil conservation. (2) Plant management Clean the garden, remove old leaves, dead leaves and stolons, thinning and thinning fruit. (3) Prevention and control of diseases and diseases Strawberry diseases mainly include gray mold, powdery mildew, leaf blight, leaf spot, and virus diseases, and can be controlled by corresponding effective agents. Refer to Chapter 4 for pest and disease control. Insect pests of strawberries include locusts, red spiders, ground tigers, waxes, cockroaches, and ants. Underground pests can be treated with relevant soil chemicals at the time of site preparation, while locusts, spider mites, etc. can be controlled with related agents. (4) The timely harvest of fruit from green to milky white, the entire fruit shoulder, fruit bottom all covered with red, bright color appearance, rich fruit aroma, this is the appropriate harvest period, the best fruit quality. For long-distance shipments, shipments can be picked when the strawberries are ripe. Picking time from day to day is appropriate until dew is dry and before hot weather arrives. When harvesting, it should be light and easy to put, and it should be packed in accordance with the level. Careful shipment is required and it will be listed as soon as possible. (VI) Hydroponic Cultivation Techniques Strawberry hydroponic cultivation has been successfully tested by the Institute of Vegetables of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences for many years and has been applied in production. The main cultivation points are as follows: (1) The appropriate strawberry special fertilizer is used, and its EC (electrical conductivity) is adjusted according to different growth periods: 0.3 to 0.5 in seedling stage, 1 to 15 in seedling stage, 1.5 to 2.0 in flowering stage, and 2.5 in result period. . (2) The pH of the solution is preferably pH 5.7-6.2. (3) Pay attention to the flow of nutrient solution, increase oxygen supply, and root should not be soaked in water. (4) pay attention to the clear garden and pest control. China Agricultural Network Editor