Potato double-row ridge harvesting
High-yielding cultivation techniques for potato double row ridging are integrated potato cultivation measures based on techniques such as deep-slurry, ridge, deep fertilization, and double-row rational close planting, which increase production by more than 15% over conventional cultivation, and increase the commodity rate of qualified potatoes by more than 20%. . The technical points are now described as follows:
1. Select the appropriate variety. At present, it mainly promotes the cultivation of early-middle-maturing, high-yield, and high-quality potato varieties such as Dashu No. 10, Zhongshu No. 3, Feiwuruit and Kexin No. 4.
2. Selection of land, trenching, ridging. Potatoes are not suitable for continuous cropping. Potato high-yielding cultivation techniques are suitable for rotation with crops such as beans, cereals, and rapeseed. It is advisable to choose sandy loam or tidal mud fields with fertile soil, deep soil layer, loose structure, good drainage and irrigation conditions, and strong water retention and fertility conservation. After the ploughing, the land will be leveled in a timely manner so that the soil, land, and foot can be achieved. It is required that the car be leveled and finely finished, and the ditch and cross ditch should be opened to facilitate drainage and stain prevention. When ridging, the ridge width should be 60-66 cm, the ridge height should be about 20 cm, and the ridge spacing should be 33 cm.
3. Handle the seeds. Seeds must be carefully selected before sowing to remove diseased potatoes and rotten potatoes. Seed potatoes must be complete, no pests, no frost damage, and the potato skin is smooth and fresh in color. The large seeded potatoes are cut into pieces, and 75% alcohol is used to disinfect the cutters and diseased potatoes to prevent virus (bacteria) infection. Each seed potato should have 1-2 robust shoots, and use the top buds as much as possible, each weighing 25-50 grams. Cuts should be accompanied by sowing, with about 150 kg of mu.
4. Sowing at the right time. Seed sowing in high altitudes should be from early January to early February. Before potatoes are harvested, it is important to note that those at low altitudes can advance to the end of December to early January. If the seed potatoes have germinated a lot, rather late rather than too early, to ensure that after the final frost Qimiao.
5. Master the seeding method and density. Plant two rows of seed potatoes per ridge, spaced 33-36 centimeters apart, 23-26 centimeters spacing, 15 centimeters from the sowing line and ridge margin, and sow 1 seed potato with good sprouting. When planting, put the seed potato directly on the ridge surface, the bud eye is facing upwards, and press it slightly to make the seed potato fully contact with the soil. After sowing, cover the soil with the seed cover and cover the ridge surface. The thickness of the covering soil is about 8 cm, the covering soil is too shallow, and the knotted potato will be exposed to green, which will affect the quality; if the overlying soil is too thick, the seedling will be delayed and the yield will be affected. The general planting density is 5000-6000 points/mu.
6. Apply enough base fertilizer. Generally, 1500-3000 kg of organic manure is applied per acre, 30-40 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 200 kg of plant ash or 20 kg of potassium sulphate, and the base fertilizer is applied to the ridge and two rows of seed potatoes. At the time of sowing, if 1000 mu of human and animal excrement per hectare or 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is used as seed fertilizer, the emergence of seedlings can be quickly and tidy and robust.
7. timely fertilizer. In addition to co-cultivation and weed control, temperature management and water management (the same method used for conventional cultivation), topdressing of potato tubers should be carried out in the early stage, and 10 kg of urea or 15 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied. It is also possible to spray 50 kg of water with 2% urea solution or 0.2-0.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
8. Control pests and diseases. The main disease of potato is late blight. If the rainfall is too high, the plants will be seriously affected before and after the flowering period. After the diseased plants are found, 75% mancozeb 100 g/mu will be sprayed on 40 kg of water, and the central diseased plants will be removed. Apply once every 7-10 days. When it was found that there were earthworms such as earthworms and floor tigers, 90% of trichlorfon could be used as a poison bait to spread in the field. In case of locust infestation, 20% deltamethrin could be used to spray 50kg of 10-15ml/mu of water.
9. timely harvest. The potato plants withered and most of the stems and leaves became yellow, and the best harvest time was when the tubers stopped expanding.
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