Lily cultivation techniques for vegetables

Lily food, medicine and excellent, with bulbs for food or medicinal use, with lungs and cough, soothe the nerves and other effects. Indications Hyperactivity cough, sputum blood, irritability, insomnia, confusion, nose bleeding, amenorrhea embolism. In recent years, the cultivation area of ​​vegetable lily has been increasing. Lily cultivation has become an important industry in the adjustment of the crop structure. 1 The biological characteristics of the warm and humid environment, can also grow in slightly cold areas. Drought-resistance, fear of heat and heat, fear of embarrassment. It is required that the soil be deep, loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam or loam. It grows well on semi-negative, semi-acidic and slightly acidic soils. Alkaline and sticky, low water accumulation land should not be planted. Avoid continuous works. Formerly made of leguminous and gramineous crops. 2 Propagation methods are mainly based on bulbs, scales and bulblets, and can also be propagated by seeds. 2.1 Scale Propagation Lilies After harvesting, choose bulbs that are robust, harmless, and pest-safe. Cut off the base, leave scales, and let it dry for several days. In the whole seed bed, horizontal rows of grooves are opened at a spacing of 15 cm, and the depth of the grooves is about 7 cm. Then, one scale is placed every 3 to 4 cm, and the top is facing upwards. After the planting, the cover soil is 3 cm, and the cover grass moistens. The bulblets differentiated from the calli soon afterwards. When they were rooted, seedlings could be germinated in the second spring. After cultivating for another 2 years, the underground bulbs can weigh about 50g, and each 667m2 needs about 150kg of scales. 2.2 Bulb propagation Lily bulbs grow in the process of growth, can grow a number of new bulblets from the stem, in the autumn harvest, bulbs for commercial use, small bulbs can be used as breeding materials. With the income, seedlings, in the entire good seedbed, according to a row spacing of about 15cm open horizontal ditch, deep 7cm. Then, every 6 ~ 7cm, like a kind of garlic into the ditch, after planting cover soil 3cm, cover soil flush with the surface. In the spring of the second year after emergence, the management of the field is strengthened, and harvesting can be performed after autumn, and a plant with a weight of 50 g or more is selected. Bulblets below 50g were kept in bed. It is also possible to dig up sand in autumn and plant them in late spring. 2.3 Bud Propagation Lilies often have bulbous shoots in the upper leaves, which can be taken off as propagation material. When the flowers are faded in summer, the buds are ripe and are about to fall off. Pick them off in time and mix them evenly with 2 times fine dry sand. Store them in a cool, dry and ventilated room. Sown out in the middle of September in the fall. When sowing, open the horizontal ditch by the row spacing 20cm in the whole seedbed, and the ditch depth is 3~5cm. Then, plant the buds in the ditch, cover the fine soil 2 to 3cm, and cover the grass with moisturizing. It can take root in the year and the buds turn white and increase. In the spring of the following year, the young bulbs will emerge in the spring, they will be uncovered, the seedlings will be strengthened, and they will be cultivated until the autumn harvest. And then follow the bulbs to breed. 2.4 Seed Propagation Fruits that are about to mature are harvested from September to October and dried in a ventilated, dry room. A few days later, the seeds were taken out and the autumn sowing was performed. If it is spring sowing in the following year, the seed should be stored in layers with 3 times the wet sand. After the spring and clear season, the seeds are screened out. In the whole seed bed, the rows are drilled at a spacing of 10 to 15 cm, the depth of the ditch is about 3 cm, and the width is 5 to 7 cm. Then, the seeds are evenly sowed in the ditch, covering a thin layer. Soil, grass cover, insulation and moisturizing. After the seedlings are unearthed, the management of seedlings will be strengthened. After 3 years of cultivation, the excavation will be completed, large commodities will be provided, and small ones will be reserved for seed use. 3 Planting Techniques 3.1 The site preparation site should be selected from high-desert, sunny, deep soil, loose soil, well-drained sandy loam soil or loam soil; mountainous areas, optional semi-yin-yang forests under the sparse or gentle slopes. After selecting the land, plunge the soil more than 25cm before planting. Combine site preparation with 667m2 of composted manure or compost 2000kg and superphosphate 25kg as base fertilizer, plus 50% thiophanate-methyl 0.6kg, and turn it into the soil to disinfect the soil. Then, make it smooth, and make a width of 1.3m high or flat, 30cm wide. Drainage is provided around to facilitate drainage. 3.2 It is better to plant it in autumn. The area north of the Huaihe River is in early September. Before planting, select the bulbs obtained by the above breeding method, and hold the scales compactly and closely, and the color is white in shape. It is better to have no damage or pests. The stems were soaked in a 2% formalin solution for 15 minutes to sterilize them, and they were air-dried and seeded. On the entire surface of the plant, open the horizontal groove at a spacing of 25cm and a depth of about 12cm. Then, put one bulblet every 15cm, top up, cover the soil, plant the plant, plant the flat surface, and cover the ground. Fallen leaves, press the dead branches and uncover them when they sprout in late spring. For each 667 square meters, the amount of 150 ~ 200kg. 4 Field Management 4.1 In the second year after cultivating and weeding and fertilizing, the first cultivating and weeding should be conducted after the spring saplings. The cultivars should be shallow and do not injure the bulbs. Combine weeding and top dressing 1 times, apply perennial manure 1,000kg, superphosphate 20kg and compost 800kg per 667m2 to mix evenly, apply in trenches between rows and apply back cover. The second time before the flowering in May, the combination of cultivating and weeding was performed. Each 667 m2 was filled with 500 kg of cooked cake water, 20 kg of superphosphate, and 800 kg of compost. The third time in July after flowering, we combined weeding and then applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once. The amount was slightly larger. The method was the same as the first. Fertilizer should avoid direct contact with stems each time, so as not to cause bulb decay. 4.2 In addition to leaving the planting site, the buds should be cut off in time from May to June so that the nutrients can concentrate on the growth of bulbs to facilitate production. 4.3 Draining and irrigating water lily is afraid of earthworms. In summer, high temperature and rainy season, as well as heavy rain, drainage should be drained in time to prevent pests and diseases. In case of drought, irrigation should be timely. 5 Diseases and Insect Pests and Their Prevention and Prevention 5.1 Leaf spot hazard stems and leaves. Leaf lesions appear in the affected parts of the leaves and are slightly sunken. With the large number of conidia, the lesions turn dark brown or black and the leaves die when they are severe. After the lesion appeared on the stem, the stem became thinner. In serious cases, the rotten stems fell and died. Control methods: 1 select disease-free bulbs for the species. The former bulbs were sterilized with benzalkonium bromide or formalin; 2 drainage was conducted in time to reduce the humidity in the field; ventilation and light transmission were maintained; and the resistance of plants was enhanced; 3 before and after the onset of spraying, 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture, or 65% Zinc Zinc 500 times, once every 7 days, even spray 3 to 4 times, and can also treat bulb rot disease. 5.2 Viral disease is a plant-wide disease. Leaves appear yellow-green leaves and leaves, the surface is uneven, and there are black lesions, resulting in early leaf dead, plant growth dwarf, severe plant death. Caused by virus infection. Control methods: 1 selection of disease-resistant varieties, selection of disease-free mothers to retain seed; 2 timely spray to eliminate poisonous insects, such as aphids, fly species, etc.; 3 increase phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, promote plant growth and robustness, enhance resistance to disease. 5.3 Aphids occur early in the summer. Suck the stems and leaves of the sap, so that the plants withered, affecting growth, and infectious diseases. Control method: spray with 40% dimethoate 1000 times. 5.4 Seed flies are also called roots. The larvae damage the bulbs and finally rot. In severe cases, the plants on the ground die. Control methods: 1 soil disinfection; 2 90% trichlorfon 800 times watering the roots, while treating the tiger. 6 Harvesting should be carried out before and after the autumn of the second year after planting. When the stems and leaves are withered, they should be picked out on a sunny day. In addition to removing dirt, stalks and fibrous roots, bulbs are provided for commercial use, and bulblets are left for seed use.