High-yield cultivation techniques for high-quality peppers in winter after autumn extension
The high-yield cultivation technique of wintering pepper after autumn extension is suitable for planting in the warm and humid monsoon climate region of subtropical zone. In addition, it needs shorter winter and long frost-free period to create favorable natural production conditions for vegetables to overwinter.
  First, the variety selection
The 37-93RZF1 hybrid has good cold tolerance, good fruit set and high yield. It is suitable for autumn and winter and early spring greenhouse cultivation. It has the characteristics of strong plant growth, tidy green fruit and slender fruit shape. The average fruit of the fruit under normal cultivation conditions Quality 70 ~ 90 g; resistant to tobacco mosaic virus disease and tomato spotted wilt virus disease.
Sword (37-79) RZ carry out cultivation of the F1 hybrid strains medium, and therefore suitable for winter cold is good, early spring cultivation in Greenhouse; horn-shaped light green fruit; at normal temperature fruit weight 80 ~ 120g, spicy concentrated resistant Tobacco mosaic virus disease.
Chi name (37-98) RZ F1 hybrid strains grown vigorous growth and adaptable, adapted to winter and early spring cultivation in Greenhouse; strong hot high uniformity of fruit, fruit shoulder wrinkles significantly higher peel light goods; tobacco mosaic Viral disease.
Second, site preparation
1. Soil treatment The irrigation of the field is carried out by watering or spraying. Each 667 m2 is applied with 4 000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 60-80 kg of compound fertilizer, 50 kg of potassium nitrate, 100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 30-40 cm deep. 1.5 g soil applied 1㎡ administered hymexazol 0.5% and 50% carbendazim WP. The soil is added with 800 times potassium permanganate solution to flood the greenhouse. After the bactericide is immersed in the soil, the greenhouse is completely closed for 20 to 30 days. In case of rainy weather, the sealing time can be extended appropriately. After the end of the closure, the straw is planted at 1,000 to 2000 kg per 667 m2, and the whole is 60-70 cm wide and 30 cm high and covered with a black mulch.
2. Facilities Construction The variety is mainly selected for seedling cultivation and planting in a medium-arched plastic greenhouse with a shoulder height of 3.5 m. The watering method is all drip irrigation. The double-drip pipe strap with 2-inch 3-hole and universal three-way valve can effectively control the water intake of each ridge pipe. A steel wire hanging wire is arranged in the greenhouse for the pruning of the pepper.
Third, nursery
Seedling seedlings were used to start seedlings in early August, and 2 000 to 2 500 seedlings per 667 m2. The seedlings are mixed with grass charcoal, vermiculite and perlite. The remaining 3 mm of the seedling tray is not filled. After the seeding is completed, the seedling tray is filled with the substrate and sprayed with 1000 times of carbendazim solution to allow the substrate to be wetted to cover the mulch. Keep 23~25°C during the day and 13~15°C during the day, and use the non-woven fabric to make the small arch shed for antifreeze.
Fourth, colonization
Planting timing sunny or rainy days afternoon, pepper planting spacing of 45 ~ 55 cm 2 planting rows per ridge. In order to maximize the protection of root development during seedling stage, the hole was drilled on the mulch with “L†shaped wooden stick before planting. The depth of the hole was determined by the height of 10 cm of the nursery, and should not be too deep and about 5 cm in diameter.
After the completion of the planting, the transplanting spirit (a multifunctional plant fungicide and growth regulator) and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer mixture are poured. Appropriate ventilation within one week after planting, so that the daytime temperature is not higher than 30 °C and the night temperature is not lower than 15 °C.
V. Field management
1. According to the cultivation direction of the pepper, the sling and the vine are pulled by a wire above the pepper of each row, and the height is maintained at 1.8 to 2.5 m. A 3 mm thick shed sling is placed on the steel wire every 15 cm, and the end of the rope is 20 cm from the ridge. Pepper plants are 50 cm long to help start vine, sling adjacent inverted "V" shape, respectively, based on the medial collateral pepper. When the new side branches grow, the new slings are tied to the new side branches in time to allow the plants to grow in a diffuse manner.
2, pruning and snoring in the first batch of fruit sitting after the use of double stalk pruning method, retain the two main stems of the plant and remove the fruitless side branches to retain the above side branches, the remaining side branches continue to use double stalk pruning . In the first 10 days before the pull in late October, all empty branches were removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption and promote fruit enlargement. When fighting, you must adhere to the three principles of staying inside, staying weak, staying strong, and staying in the old, and can effectively use light to prevent diseases and promote nutrient absorption. Plants that are found to be diseased during the pruning process should be treated in a timely manner to prevent the spread of the disease.
3, fertilizer water management pepper planted for 20 days and after fruiting, apply compound fertilizer. Dissolve the compound fertilizer in the liquid storage tank and start drip irrigation. The application should be carried out for 10 to 15 kg per 667 m2. The amount of fertilizer should not be too much to prevent the long-term jointing of the pepper plants. After 10 to 20 days, the application will be carried out once. If the flood irrigation method is adopted during the fertilization process, the humidity in the shed will increase and the disease will spread. After the end of October, the soil and air humidity are kept low.
4, temperature management temperature control is 24 ~ 28 ° C during the day, 15 ~ 18 ° C at night. During the seeding period and the first fruiting period from July to August, the ventilation and cooling should be done well, and the seedlings should not be opened once to damage the seedlings. In order to prevent the temperature from falling into frost after winter, the second membrane was started in early December, and a small arch shed was built in the gap between the greenhouse and the pepper plant and covered with plastic film. Cover the straw curtain or non-woven fabric around the perimeter of the greenhouse and the top of the membrane to prevent frost from invading the peppers around the greenhouse. At the same time control the humidity in the shed and reduce the amount of irrigation water.
Sixth, pest control
1. Adult bacterial diseases and viral diseases are highly prone to spread during high temperature and rainy seasons. In the adult stage, the control of tobacco budworm and beet armyworm larvae should be done. Seal the greenhouse and keep the greenhouse temperature above 45 °C to ensure complete killing of eggs. At the same time, combined with 10% permethrin EC 3000 times solution, 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 1500~2000 times solution, 5% acetamiprid 1500 times solution or 20% pyrethroid (fenvalerate) 3000~ 4000 times liquid control.
2, whitefly control powder meal control can be used 1.8% avermectin EC 2 000 ~ 3 000 times liquid, 5% acetamiprid preparation 1 500 ~ 2 000 times liquid, 20% Isowei EC 500 ~ 800 times liquid spray . At the same time, you can also use the “X†shaped smoked smoke for 4~5 h using 4~5/667 m2 of Isoproxol.
3, the disease prevention and control of pepper blight disease by taking the prevention and treatment as the main comprehensive prevention and control policy, timely removal of diseased diseased leaves. If the onset can be 70% mancozeb WP 500 times solution + 85% ethyl phosphine aluminum WP 500 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times solution or 72.2% Plex (Foiler) s water agent 800 times liquid spray treatment.
4, viral disease control pepper virus disease mainly has light mosaic, heavy mosaic, yellowing, necrosis and deformity 5, affected by the high temperature in the middle and south of the sputum, early viral disease of pepper is more obvious, can use hanging yellow plate and 20% kill The methionin emulsifiable concentrate is 3 000 to 4 000 times to prevent mites. In the case of viral disease, timely use of drugs for prevention and control, effectively control the spread of viral diseases, combined with foliar fertilizer and alizarin lactone spray, to ensure the preservation of fruit and regulate the growth mechanism of pepper.
5, late disease control in the late stage of pepper and early spring due to the rainy season, the lack of light, etc., easy to induce gray mold, tea yellow scorpion, thrips and other pests and diseases. It is necessary to pruning in time and reduce the amount of watering. At the same time, 60% carbendazim ultrafine powder 600 times solution plus 50% chlorhexidine (isoflumuron) WP 2 000 times solution, 1.8% avermectin emulsifier 4 000~6 000 times solution or 5% imidacloprid Wet powder 1 500 times liquid and other prevention.
Seven, picking at the right time
During the picking period, pick the pepper and remove the deformed fruit to prevent the hanging fruit from falling. The three varieties mentioned in the article were planted in mid-August until picking in early October, and the average fruit quality of the harvesting period reached 320 days, which was 100-180 g.
The three varieties mentioned in the article can be continuously picked, and the number of fruit in the autumn and winter season will increase. The average yield of 667 up to 10000 kg earnings of up to 60,000 yuan. Therefore, mastering the high-yield cultivation techniques of pepper after autumn extension can bring farmers income.
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