Causes and Preventive Measures of Soybean Calyx Shedding
The loss of soybean pods is a major factor affecting the increase in yield, and it is also a serious problem in production. Calyx shedding mainly refers to the loss of buds, flowers, and larvae. Knowing the measures for removing the original solid and increasing flowering of soybean buds is the key to improving soybean production. First, the reasons for the loss of soybean pods 1. Ventilation and poor light population structure has a direct impact on ventilation and light transmission. One of the important indicators of a reasonable population structure is to make full use of solar energy. Sunlight is not only the main source of energy for organic nutrients production and accumulation, but also the main factor that promotes the rapid development of plants and suppresses leggy. Soybean has good ventilation and light transmission, which can make the climate between the plants and the upper part of the plant consistent, reduce the humidity between the plants, increase the light and temperature, accelerate the leaf area transpiration, and speed up the transportation of nutrients. The density is too large or the cultivation techniques are poor, which can easily lead to leggy, premature ridge closure, shade of branches and leaves, high humidity, low light, and worse light conditions in the lower part of the plant, resulting in less chlorophyll content in leaves, gradual yellowing, and reduced accumulation of nutrients. Scape falls off. 2. Nutrient Supply Disorders Soybean bud stage is the period when most nutrients are needed. If the nutrient supply is insufficient or misaligned, it will cause a large number of flower buds to fall off. Therefore, there is more shedding of plant buds on fertile soil than on fertile soil. The plants are long and the shaded soybeans grow normally compared to the plants, and the airy and light-transmission soybean buds fall off; the later formed flower buds are easier to fall off than the early formed flower buds. Under normal circumstances, the ratio of the absolute content of organic matter (N, P) between soybean vegetative organs and vegetative organs is lower than that of the pods. The higher the ratio is, the higher the rate of pods shed. 3. Unreasonable moisture supply Adequate moisture can not only speed up the operation of nutrients, regulate plant temperature, but also directly participate in metabolism. Therefore, suitable moisture is conducive to the normal growth and development of soybeans. Soybean flowering and scab stage, high humidity, yin and rain, excessive soil moisture, not only reduce the sunshine hours, but also make the ground temperature drop, increase relative humidity, plant length, shade increase, reduce photosynthesis, affect the synthesis and transport of organic nutrients , so that the loss of calyx increased. If the water content is too low and the plants are withered due to lack of sufficient water supply, the absorption of soil nutrients will be reduced accordingly, and the nutrients in the water will be unbalanced in metabolism, resulting in a large number of flower buds falling off. 4. Mechanical damage, pests and diseases, and natural disasters The field management at the later stage may cause the soybean stalks to be broken, the branches and leaves to fall off, and the flower buds to be knocked off, causing artificial mechanical damage that causes the calyx to fall off. Insects and diseases breed, some directly harm the organs of the calyx and cause shedding; some destroy the plants, affect the function of the leaf area, reduce the intensity of photosynthesis, reduce the production and distribution of nutrients, thus causing the calyx to fall off; storms hit, soil and air humidity Extraordinarily high or abruptly lowering, and adverse weather conditions such as strong transpiration during the daytime, will cause the flower buds to fall off. Second, the technical measures to prevent the fall of soybean calyx 1. According to the rational planting of the species in accordance with the fertilizer should be thin and thin should be dense, the branches should be more varieties should be thin, the main stem crust-based varieties should be the principle of density, using isometric On-demand, creating a reasonable group structure. 2. According to the fertility of soil fertilization, it is necessary to ensure that there is sufficient nutrient supply during the growth period of soybeans, and that the types, proportions, and periods of fertilizer supply are reasonably matched so that soybeans will grow well before flowering and have a certain leaf area index. Accumulate more organics and promote more flowering. The nutrients of flower buds after flowering are guaranteed, preventing greediness, reducing the loss of calyx, and increasing grain weight. In the fertilization type, farmyard manure should be used as a base fertilizer, especially pig manure, chicken manure and Other fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium are preferred. Combined with the application of phosphate fertilizer, the base fertilizer and seed fertilizer should be the main fertilizers during the fertilization period. According to the reproductive performance of soybean, the spraying fertilizer at the initial flowering stage or during the scab stage also has the effect of increasing flower and soil conservation. 3. According to climatic characteristics properly irrigated soybean seedlings to be seedlings, soil drought began to meet the end of the pod period, regular irrigation, in order to promote the physiological activity of plants and accelerate nutrient absorption and operation. 4. Strengthen the management of the field and timely eradicate the destruction of weeds, timely control of pests and diseases, etc. to improve the cultivation and management measures of the plant and flower bud fertility conditions, but also can play a role in increasing flowering and conservation and increase production.
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